Carob: A Mediterranean Resource for the Future Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Abstract For centuries, the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has contributed to the economy of the Mediterranean basin, mainly as food for livestock. Nowadays, the value of the carob tree extends far beyond its traditional uses, encompassing a wide range of industries and applications that take advantage of its unique properties and nutritional benefits. Despite its high industrial demand and European indications, there has been a 65% reduction in the area cultivated throughout the Mediterranean area in the 21st century. Given the threats posed by climate change, including reduced water availability and nutrient-depleted soils, there is a growing need to focus on this crop, which is well placed to cope with unpredictable weather. In this review, we use a bibliographic search approach to emphasise the prioritisation of research needs for effective carob tree exploitation. We found enormous gaps in the scientific knowledge of this under-utilised crop species with fruit pulp and seeds of high industrial value. Insufficient understanding of the biology of the species, as well as inadequate agronomic practices, compromise the quantity and the quality of fruits available to the industry. In addition to industrial applications, carob can also be used in reforestation or restoration programmes, providing a valuable crop while promoting biodiversity conservation and soil restoration. The carbon sequestration potential of the trees should be taken into account as a promising alternative in fighting climate change. This bibliographic search has highlighted clusters with different knowledge gaps that require further research and investment. The carob tree has untapped potential for innovation, economic development, and environmental sustainability.
Balearic Government abolishes Inheritance and Gift Tax The new Government of the Balearic Islands has abolished the Inheritance and Gift Tax (“ISD”) for acquisitions by death or through inheritance agreements (i.e., inheritance, legacy and inheritance in life) made between parents and children, grandchildren and grandparents, and between spouses.
Guidelines: Capital Gains Tax (C.G.T.) 2022 These guidelines are intended only as a summary. Tax laws and regulations change frequently and sometimes unexpectedly. It is strongly recommended that you seek professional advice.
DIVIDEND TAX IN PORTUGAL The dividend tax in Portugal applies both to residents and non-residents and it has a flat rate of 28%. However, a special participation exemption is applicable under certain criteria. Dividends paid to a Portuguese resident by a Portuguese company or an EU company are subject to a different taxation regime. A withholding tax on dividends is also applicable in Portugal; however, a special rate may apply if a double tax treaty exists between Portugal and the other jurisdiction. Our lawyers in Portugal can answer your questions concerning dividend taxation and other general questions about taxes for companies.
Find your way around Spain’s social security system. Learn about who contributes, how much, and the many benefits.
Anyone who is working in Spain must typically register and pay into social security, whether you are a Spanish citizen or an expat with a work visa. Workers in Spain pay higher social security contributions than the OECD average. That said, these payments provide access to many essential benefits, including free Spanish healthcare and retirement. Use this guide to navigate the system, with sections on:
Heat Pump Glossary
A Air Handler: The indoor component of a heating and cooling system that circulates air throughout a building.
Air Source: A type of heat pump that extracts heat from the air and transfers it elsewhere to raise or lower the temperature of a space.
Right of preference: what it is, to whom it applies and how to proceed
At the time of purchase and sale of a property. Find out what it means, who applies and how to proceed.
Please find below some of the major property portals to find the property you are looking for. The list below is based on finding a property in Portugal
Beverywhere: Beverywhere.com - The Only Way To Sell Your Property 1. Idealista idealista — Real estate in Portugal. Houses and apartments for sale and rent
Whether you live in Portugal, you are retired in Portugal or you are considering moving to Portugal, if you are planning to import a car to Portugal, there are some things you need to know.
